Frustrated with a crash on launch, I solved it by forcing Inkscape to re-generate the preferences file.

1. Quit Inkscape.
2. Rename the existing preferences file to something like "preferences-backup.xml." 
3. Launch Inkscape. All good except I have to re-enter all my settings.

On MacOS the preferences file is here:

~/Users/[username]/Library/Application Support/org.inkscape.Inkscape/config/inkscape/preferences.xml

You'll need to make hidden files visible to find the Library folder in your home folder. The key combination is:  Shift-Command-Period

This worked for me. Good luck!

MacOS M3, 15.2 Sequoia, Inkscape 1.4

======

For anybody who's interested, here's the crash report:

<pre>
 0# Inkscape::Application::crash_handler(int) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 1# _sigtramp in /usr/lib/system/libsystem_platform.dylib
 2# sigc::signal_base::signal_base(sigc::signal_base const&) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libsigc-2.0.0.dylib
 3# Inkscape::UI::Widget::Ruler::Ruler(Gtk::Orientation) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 4# Inkscape::UI::Widget::CanvasGrid::CanvasGrid(SPDesktopWidget*) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 5# SPDesktopWidget::SPDesktopWidget(InkscapeWindow*, SPDocument*) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 6# InkscapeWindow::InkscapeWindow(SPDocument*) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 7# InkscapeApplication::window_open(SPDocument*) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 8# InkscapeApplication::create_window(SPDocument*, bool) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
 9# InkscapeApplication::process_document(SPDocument*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>>) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
10# InkscapeApplication::on_activate() in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/inkscape/libinkscape_base.1.4.0.0.dylib
11# Glib::SignalProxyNormal::slot0_void_callback(_GObject*, void*) in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libglibmm-2.4.1.dylib
12# g_closure_invoke in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib
13# signal_emit_unlocked_R in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib
14# g_signal_emit_valist in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib
15# g_signal_emit in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib
16# g_application_real_local_command_line in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgio-2.0.0.dylib
17# g_application_run in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/Resources/lib/libgio-2.0.0.dylib
18# main in /Applications/> Applications Other/Graphics/Inkscape.app/Contents/MacOS/inkscape
</pre>
<details><summary>System info</summary>
Inkscape 1.4 (e7c3feb1, 2024-10-09)

                      Compile  (Run)
    GLib version:     2.76.3
    GTK version:      3.24.42 (3.24.42)
    glibmm version:   2.66.6
    gtkmm version:    3.24.9
    libxml2 version:  2.11.4
    libxslt version:  1.1.29
    Cairo version:    1.18.0 (1.18.0)
    Pango version:    1.50.14 (1.50.14)
    HarfBuzz version: 8.0.1 (8.0.1)

    OS version:       macOS 15.2 (24C101) arm64
</details>

Maybe this will help you.

https://inkscape.org/forums/questions/inkscape-crashes-when-launched/